From the Author

Emplacing East Timor explores the relationship between the cycle of regime change and that of knowledge production, offering an alternative framework to periodize the history from 1850s to 2010s. Kisho Tsuchiya shows that the prevailing perceptions of East Timor have been shaped by large-scale wars, postwar consolidation, and the dominance of foreign observers. The transitions that construct what we know about East Timor have followed the rhythm of devastating violence and regime transformations. Playing a role as well are personal, institutional, and geopolitical interests and the creativity of Timorese and foreign observers. Acknowledging this cycle, Tsuchiya interweaves narrative of crucial events and political movements with an analysis of Timor’s connections to global circulations and historical transitions. He traces key persons and communities that shaped the contour of East Timor—from Portuguese colonial officers to anthropologists, Japanese occupiers to Australian activists, and Timorese poets to revolutionaries. Their experiences and imaginations of (East) Timor have been expressed through scholarly works, secret documents, policy statements, ceremonies, revolutionary songs, and museums.

Using multi-archival historical research, the author introduces sources in several languages and provides missing links, including secret documents in Portuguese archives and the National Archives of Timor-Leste, Japanese wartime sources, and Timorese sources in the Archives of Timorese Resistance. Emplacing East Timor skillfully synthesizes nationalism studies and borderland studies, creating a comprehensive approach to modern East Timorese national imaginings, the historical role of territorial borders, and its postcolonial problems.

Contents

Acknowledgments

Introduction

Chapter 1 Birth of East Timor Studies: Knowledge Production during the Indonesian Invasion

Part I  Emplacing the Timorese in the Colonial Wars, from the Mid-Nineteenth Century to the 1940s

Chapter 2  Anthrohistory and the Construction of the Timorese “Native” in the Late Nineteenth Century
Chapter 3  Physical Anthropology, Racial Categorization, and Colonial Boundaries
Chapter 4  “Java and Timor”: Dutch Historiography of Interisland Relations and Its Circulation

Part II  Between Nationalism and Portuguese Multiracialism, 1941–1970s

Chapter 5  World War II on Timor and the Collapse of Colonial Order
Chapter 6  Postwar Anxieties and New Sensibilities, 1945–1960s
Chapter 7  Fernando Sylvan: Becoming “New” Portuguese and Its Discontents

Part III  Revisiting Timorese Movements and Indonesian Occupation, 1970s–1990s

Chapter 8  Emergence of Timorese Political Parties into a Cold War World
Chapter 9  FRETILIN: Imagining a Nation in Tetun

Conclusion: The Cycle of Violent Regime Change and the History of Emplacement

Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations
Notes
Bibliography
Index