Antonio Postigo
VISITOR’S VOICE
Interview with Antonio Postigo ❯❯
International Political Economy
Institute of International Studies – London School of Economics – Institute of Southeast Asian Studies (Singapore)
CSEAS Visiting Research Scholar: September to November 2024
Interview
01
Please tell us about your research.
My research focuses on the complex dynamics of economic integration through trade and investment in Southeast Asia and its relationships with other Asian and Pacific countries, particularly Japan. This interest stems from my desire to understand the intricate interplay between economic policies, power relations, and development outcomes in the region. Employing both qualitative and quantitative methodologies, I investigate the political and economic variables driving developing countries’ integration into the international economy. My work examines the formation, utilization, and impact of free trade agreements (FTAs) on regional production networks, with a particular emphasis on Thailand and Malaysia. I am especially interested in how these agreements affect economic development, industrial upgrading, and technological transfer at both firm and sectoral levels. A significant part of my research explores how firms navigate and leverage overlapping trade regimes, including the WTO and various bilateral and regional agreements. This aspect is crucial in understanding the differential impacts of trade policies on various economic actors. Additionally, I am keenly interested in the digital transformation of Southeast Asian economies and the evolution of digital regulatory frameworks, analyzing how they are shaping regional economic landscapes.
Throughout my career, I have sought to enhance the impact of my academic work by engaging with policy practice. My experience with international organizations has provided valuable insights into the practical challenges of implementing research-based policies. This engagement has involved providing research-based policy advisory services and capacity building to policymakers and government officials in developing countries. I have contributed to status evaluations, good practice identification, and policy option analyses for development projects, including South-South cooperation for infrastructure development. Bridging my dual background in health/biomedical and social sciences, I also investigate international cooperation in health system development, the achievement of health-related development goals in developing countries, and preparedness and response to health emergencies. My research in this area has contributed to flagship United Nations reports on health-related development goals and the vaccine R&D ecosystem in Asia and the Pacific. It has also informed expert-level discussions on how the health impacts of climate change can drive international collective action and coordinated policy reforms in addressing global commons.
This blend of academic research and policy engagement informs my approach, ensuring that my work remains both theoretically grounded and practically relevant. It allows me to contribute meaningfully to academic discourse while also addressing real-world policy challenges in economic development and international cooperation.
02
Can you share with us an episode about any influential people, things, and places you have encountered whilst doing your research.
One noteworthy experience during my research on the formulation and utilization of FTAs in Southeast Asia occurred while conducting a field study in Thailand. I was investigating the effects of the ‘Early Harvest China-Thailand Trade Agreement’ (later subsumed into the ASEAN-China FTA) on small and medium farmers as well as large multinational agribusinesses. While my work primarily focuses on firm- and sector-level analyses through economic data and interviews with business leaders and government officials, my encounter with Somchai, a small-scale farmer turned community leader in Pitsanulok province, offered valuable additional insights. Somchai’s farm illustrated broader changes happening across Southeast Asia. He had adapted his farming techniques to meet the quality standards of new export markets opened by recent FTAs. He spoke of the challenges small farmers face in navigating complex international trade regulations, as well as the opportunities these agreements had brought to his community. Notably, he had organized a farmers’ cooperative that pooled resources to meet export demands and served as a platform for knowledge-sharing, helping farmers understand and leverage international trade policies. This encounter reminded me of the importance of considering micro-level effects when interpreting macroeconomic data, and the value of complementing quantitative analysis and high-level policy discussions with on-the-ground observations. While such effects may not be captured in econometric analysis, they provide essential context that enriches my research findings and allows for more nuanced contributions to academic discourse and policy debates on economic integration and development in Southeast Asia.
03
How do you overcome the difficulties in putting together the results of your research into a research paper or book?
Writing up research results can indeed be challenging. My approach is to break the process into manageable steps. I begin by outlining the main arguments and supporting evidence, then focus on writing small sections rather than trying to tackle the entire manuscript at once. Teaching and administrative tasks can make it difficult to find time to write, but I find that dedicating even a few regular hours to writing helps maintain momentum. After all, a 10,000-word manuscript always starts with the first word. When I face writer’s block, discussing my ideas with colleagues or presenting them at seminars often helps to clarify my thoughts. Additionally, setting aside a completed draft for a short time before revisiting it with fresh eyes is an effective strategy for refining arguments and improving clarity.
04
Do you have any essential reads (books) that you recommend to younger people?
1) In the area of development economics, a highly influential book is
Banerjee, Abhijit, and Esther Duflo (2011) Poor Economics: A Radical Rethinking of the Way to Fight Global Poverty. New York: Public Affairs.
This work presents evidence-based approaches to global poverty, grounded in research from across the developing world. Banerjee and Duflo challenge many established ideas about poverty alleviation, making it essential for those interested in practical, impactful solutions.
Other critical works are:
Chang, Ha-Joon (2002) Kicking Away the Ladder: Development Strategy in Historical Perspective. London: Anthem Press.
Chang explores the historical development strategies of today’s wealthy nations and argues that many of these strategies are now denied to developing countries, raising questions about fairness in global economic policy.
Acemoglu, Daron, and Robinson, Jason A. (2012) Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty. New York: Crown Currency Press.
This book, authored by the recipients of the 2024 Nobel Prize in Economics, provides a comprehensive perspective on why some nations succeed in economic and social development while others struggle. It emphasizes the critical role of inclusive versus extractive institutions in shaping long-term socio-economic outcomes.
Studwell, Joe (2013) How Asia Works: Success and Failure in the World’s Most Dynamic Region. New York: Grove Press.
In this book, Studwell analyzes cases of economic success and failures within Asia, examining how the economic policies and strategies have led to remarkable growth in some Asian countries, while others have struggled.
2) In the context of Southeast Asia’s political economy, I would recommend
Carroll, Toby, Hameiri, Shahar, and Jones, Lee (2020) The Political Economy of Southeast Asia: Politics and Uneven Development under Hyperglobalisation. 4th edition. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
This book provides a comprehensive overview of how hyperglobalisation has shaped the political and economic landscape of Southeast Asia, particularly emphasizing uneven development.
3) For those interested in trade and economic integration,
Chase, Kerry A. (2005) Trading Blocs: States, Firms, and Regions in the World Economy. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
Chase analyzes how regional trade agreements impact state strategies and corporate behavior, shaping global trade dynamics.
4) When turning to global health and its governance, consider
Clinton, Chelsea, and Sridhar, Devi (2017) Governing Global Health: Who Runs the World and Why?. New York: Oxford University Press.
This book offers a behind-the-scenes look at how global health organizations influence global health policy.
Burgess, Rochelle A. (2023) Rethinking Global Health: Frameworks of Power. New York, NY: Taylor & Francis
The book explores the dynamics of power in global health, questioning whose interests are served and proposing a new model of Transformative Global Health that prioritizes community voices and interests in addressing health challenges.
5) For post-graduate students and younger researchers, I highly recommend
Booth, Wayne C., Colomb, Gregory G., Williams, Joseph M., Bizup, Joseph, and FitzGerald, William T. (2016) The Craft of Research. 4th Edition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
This book serves as a comprehensive guide for conducting research, structuring arguments, and communicating findings clearly and persuasively.
05
What is your ideal image of a researcher, and do you have any advice for those who aim to become researchers?
A researcher must be a curious, persistent, and adaptable individual. Researchers should approach their work with an open mind, ready to challenge existing paradigms and their own assumptions.
To aspiring researchers, I advise cultivating a genuine passion for your research field, as this passion will sustain you through inevitable setbacks.
Additionally, embrace collaboration and interdisciplinary thinking. From experience, I can say that some of the most relevant discoveries occur at the intersection of different fields.
Lastly, I also encourage emerging researchers to develop strong critical thinking and communication skills, as these are crucial for analyzing data and sharing your findings effectively. In terms of communication skills, I recommend young researchers (and anyone else) join a local Toastmasters International club (I noticed there are a couple in Kyoto) to hone their public speaking skills.
06
What are your future ambitions as a scholar?
As a social science researcher, one of my goals is to strengthen the connection between academic research and policy implementation in the field of economic development. I believe in the importance of ensuring that scholarly work has practical applications and tangible impacts on societies, particularly those that are more vulnerable. My ambition is to conduct research that not only advances the theoretical understanding of social and economic challenges in Southeast Asia, but also provides actionable insights for policymakers and communities. I aim to contribute meaningfully to both academic discourse and real-world policy formulation.
I am always looking forward to expanding and deepening my collaborative research networks. Additionally, I would like to foster partnerships that bring together diverse perspectives from scholars, policy practitioners, and local communities. These collaborations would focus on addressing pressing issues of social and economic resilience and sustainability in the region.
Finally, and equally important, I am committed to nurturing the next generation of researchers. I hope to mentor emerging researchers, encouraging them to adopt interdisciplinary approaches and explore innovative methodologies in the study of Southeast Asian development issues. By doing so, I aim to contribute to the continuity and evolution of our field.
Ultimately, my ambition is to be part of a scholarly community that makes a lasting, positive impact on the development path of Southeast Asian countries by bridging the worlds of academic rigor and practical application.
07
Why did you choose CSEAS, or what is your expectation here?
I am deeply honored and grateful for the opportunity to be a part of the Center for Southeast Asian Studies (CSEAS). The center’s renowned multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary approach to Southeast Asian studies, its strong emphasis on field-based research, and its commitment to fostering collaboration between researchers from diverse backgrounds were the primary factors that drew me to apply for the fellowship at CSEAS. CSEAS offers an invaluable intellectual environment where one can engage with leading researchers in developing a comprehensive understanding of the region’s challenges and opportunities. The wealth and diversity of knowledge and expertise at CSEAS is truly remarkable, and I am humbled to be part of this scholarly community for the duration of the scholarship.
CSEAS’s multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary approach aligns perfectly with my multifaceted research interests in Southeast Asia, which span economic integration, technological upgrading, digital transformation, and health development in the region. My dual background gives me a unique perspective in discussions, and I am eager to learn from and humbly contribute to CSEAS’s body of knowledge and research output.
Before applying for the scholarship, I was particularly excited about the opportunity to engage with other CSEAS researchers working in socioeconomic development, international relations, and health issues in Southeast Asia. Since arriving, my experience has exceeded my already high expectations. I have had the opportunity to enjoy high-quality CSEAS seminars and informal discussions with fellow researchers. Through these interactions, I hope to contribute constructively to CSEAS’ goal of advancing scholarly understanding of Southeast Asia through research outputs with real-world impact on policy and development in the region.
During my period as a visiting fellow at CSEAS, I have been working on a project that maps the status of digital health in ASEAN countries, focusing on the regulatory frameworks governing digital health interventions and cross-border health data flows. The project aims to propose an ASEAN digital health regulatory regime that promotes harmonization and interoperability while accommodating the diverse needs of member states. It seeks to balance the facilitation of cross-border digital health data flows—essential for healthcare, research, and innovation—with the need for data security and privacy.
In essence, I see my time at CSEAS as an invaluable opportunity for professional growth and as a chance to be part of CSEAS’s collaborative effort to push the boundaries of Southeast Asian studies. I am deeply appreciative of this opportunity and am committed to making the most of it, both for my own research and for the benefit of CSEAS and the wider academic community.
08
What are your favorite things?
Regarding my main hobbies, I must admit that due to my multiple work commitments, I have less time for leisure activities than I would like (but I guess who doesn’t?). My research stay at CSEAS is about to end, and unfortunately, I have not yet had time for sightseeing. However, when I do find free time, I am drawn to the great outdoors. Hiking in the mountains is my favorite pastime. It’s not just beneficial for physical health; it also provides a much-needed mental respite. There is something truly rejuvenating about breathing in crisp mountain air and taking in panoramic vistas that puts life’s challenges into perspective.
In my younger years, I was quite the globe-trotter, with a particular fondness for Asia. My approach to travel has always been to venture beyond the typical tourist trail. I prefer immersing myself in lesser-known places, meeting local people, and seeking authentic experiences off the beaten path. Japan holds a special place in my heart. I have traveled throughout Kyushu, Shikoku, and western Honshu, all the way up to the Kansai region. Kyoto, in particular, captivated me. I have visited Kyoto during both the sakura and momiji seasons, spending 3-4 weeks each time to fully absorb the city’s changing beauty.
When in larger cities, I try to indulge my passion for the arts. I’m drawn to contemporary art exhibitions and performance arts, with a particular appreciation for contemporary dance and physical theater. These cultural experiences often provide fresh perspectives and inspire creativity in my personal and professional life.
While my current schedule may not allow for as much adventure as I would like, these experiences have shaped who I am today. They have instilled in me a deep appreciation for diverse cultures, natural beauty, and the importance of stepping out of one’s comfort zone.
(November 2024)
* The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University.
Antonio Postigo has a dual background in health/biomedical and social sciences. In the social sciences, he holds a PhD in International Development Studies (LSE) and MSc degrees in International Relations (Washington University) and International Development Management (LSE). His main areas of research include: 1) the comparative and international political economy of trade, investment, and technological upgrading, with a focus on trade and investment policy; 2) economic integration through free trade agreements (FTAs) and the political economy of FTAs; 3) socioeconomic development policy, pathways to economic growth, digital transformation, and the digital economy; and 4) health policy and international cooperation in addressing health emergencies. His regional interest is Southeast Asia, particularly Thailand and Malaysia. Currently, he is Senior Research Fellow at the Institute of International Studies of Barcelona (IBEI, the leading international studies institute in Southern Europe), a Visiting Fellow at the LSE, and an Associate Fellow at the Institute of Southeast Asian Studies (ISEAS). Postigo has worked as a staff member and consulted for several international organizations, including the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia Pacific (UN-ESCAP, Bangkok, Thailand), the World Bank’s Thailand and Malaysia Offices, the United Nations Development Programme, and the World Health Organization. During his tenure at these organizations, he participated in the organization of high-level inter-governmental and government-business conferences.
Visitor’s Voice is a series of interviews to showcase our fellows while they stay with us at CSEAS. The interview highlights their research activities while also introducing the people and episodes behind the work, must-haves for field research and writing, book recommendations, future ambitions, etc., in a question-and-answer format.