The rapid deforestation in tropical countries contributes to the increase in the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide. On the other hand, the importance of bio-materials will be continuously increasing because of the demand of recyclable resources is increasing for the reduction of the consumption of fossil resources. We try to enhance the theoretical and empirical understanding of soil-vegetation-atmosphere exchanges of carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O), and energy balance components based on in situ observation and modeling in peat swamp forest, West Kalimantan. We have three research targets as follows. To estimate water budget using ground water level, rain gauge and water flux data. To observe Carbon exchange processes during and after ecological succession from a secondary forest to an artificial forest. To propose new method of ground water management to enhance timber productivity and wood quality using observation data and hydrological modeling.