In the Ladak region of the northern India, the aging and depopulation of dwellers are on going just like Japanese mountainious village. As a result, the main issue of dwelling people was mental and physical health. A survey was conducted to ask the age, gender, occupation, place of residence, etc. at one village in the same area based on the list of residents at the health aid centers established for each humlet with different altitude. Compared with the number of registered village residents, there were also few villagers in the three villages with less than 40% of villagers, where the proportion of elderly people aged 65 or older exceeded 20%. Through analysis of the relationship between residents’ health status and agro-pastoral works, we are exploring necessary conditions for living with a sense of fulfillment even if they are getting older. This study will result in the proposal of measures that took the initiative taking advantage of the fact that Japan is at the cutting edge situation worldwide, in preparation for the progress of the aging society predicted mainly in Southeast Asian countries such as in Thailand.

In Japan, the aging of the population is serious, and the percentage share of elderlies aged 65 years or over exceeds 40% in some areas of rural village. The priority of mental and physical health is relatively small among young people, but old people increased the degree of interest gradually. Since 2004 health checkups for elderly people over 75 years old have held in Tosa town, Kochi, we conducted questionnaire survey to estimate physical functions and psychological satisfaction. Following the medical examination implemented in August, we asked the actual situation of agriculture and forestry works for part of the examinees. Analying the results of questionnaire survey, we indicated those who engaged in agricultural works and those who distributed crops among agricultural wokers were found to be good of both mental and physical condition. In order to spend healthily with fulfillment of mind, we have been exploring the importance of items that can have a sense of being useful even in the elderly.

There are still many young people seen in Southeast Asia, such as Indonesia, the fourth largest population in the world, and in 2015 birth rate is close to 3 in Philippine and so on. However, according to the population statistics of United Nation, the percentage share of elderly people aged 65 or older in Thailand is expected to exceed 10%, and in 2040 it is expected to reach about 25%. As the aging rate will continue to increase in other countries of Southeast Asia, it is considered that the proportion of chronic diseases such as lifestyle diseases will increase from acute diseases such as infectious diseases in related to health. As a results, in this study, we collected and analyzed statistics on population composition and medical care for each region in Thailand, and figure out the relationship between population composition and health condition of dwelling people at Nakhonpathom which is 50 km west from Bangkok where field medicine survey conducted.